Guides - Deploying PostgreSQL through the Linode Marketplace

The PostgreSQL relational database system is a powerful, scalable, and standards-compliant open-source database platform. It is designed to handle a range of workloads, from single machines to data warehouses or Web services with many concurrent users.

Deploying a Marketplace App

The Linode Marketplace allows you to easily deploy software on a Compute Instance using the Cloud Manager. See Get Started with Marketplace Apps for complete steps.

1. Log in to the Cloud Manager and select the Marketplace link from the left navigation menu. This displays the Linode Create page with the Marketplace tab pre-selected.

2. Under the Select App section, select the app you would like to deploy.

3. Complete the form by following the steps and advice within the Creating a Compute Instance guide. Depending on the Marketplace App you selected, there may be additional configuration options available. See the Configuration Options section below for compatible distributions, recommended plans, and any additional configuration options available for this Marketplace App.

4. Click the Create Linode button. Once the Compute Instance has been provisioned and has fully powered on, wait for the software installation to complete. If the instance is powered off or restarted before this time, the software installation will likely fail.

To verify that the app has been fully installed, see Get Started with Marketplace Apps > Verify Installation. Once installed, follow the instructions within the Getting Started After Deployment section to access the application and start using it.

Note

Estimated deployment time: PostgreSQL should be fully installed within 2-5 minutes after the Compute Instance has finished provisioning.

Configuration Options

• Supported distributions: Debian 11
• Recommended minimum plan: All plan types and sizes can be used.

PostgreSQL Options

Limited User (Optional)

You can optionally fill out the following fields to automatically create a limited user for your new Compute Instance. This is recommended for most deployments as an additional security measure. This account will be assigned to the sudo group, which provides elevated permission when running commands with the sudo prefix.

• Limited sudo user: Enter your preferred username for the limited user.
• Password for the limited user: Enter a strong password for the new user.
• SSH public key for the limited user: If you wish to login as the limited user through public key authentication (without entering a password), enter your public key here. See Creating an SSH Key Pair and Configuring Public Key Authentication on a Server for instructions on generating a key pair.
• Disable root access over SSH: To block the root user from logging in over SSH, select Yes (recommended). You can still switch to the root user once logged in and you can also log in as root through Lish.

Getting Started after Deployment

Access PostgreSQL

After PostgreSQL has finished installing, you will be able to access PostgreSQL from the console via ssh with your Linode’s IPv4 address:

1. SSH into your Linode and create a limited user account.

2. Log out and log back in as your limited user account.

3. Update your server:

   sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get upgrade
   

Using PostgreSQL

Modify the Postgres Users

By default, PostgreSQL will create a Linux user named postgres to access the database software.

Caution

The postgres user should not be used for other purposes (e.g. connecting to other networks). Doing so presents a serious risk to the security of your databases.

1. Change the postgres user’s Linux password:

   sudo passwd postgres
   

2. Issue the following commands to set a password for the postgres database user. Be sure to replace newpassword with a strong password and keep it in a secure place.

   su - postgres
   psql -d template1 -c "ALTER USER postgres WITH PASSWORD 'newpassword';"
   

   This user is distinct from the postgres Linux user. The Linux user is used to access the database, and the PostgreSQL user is used to perform administrative tasks on the databases.

   The password set in this step will be used to connect to the database via the network. Peer authentication will be used by default for local connections. See the Secure Local PostgreSQL Access section for information about changing this setting.

Create a Database

Run the commands in this section as the postgres Linux user.

1. Create a sample database called mytestdb:

   createdb mytestdb
   

2. Connect to the test database:

   psql mytestdb
   

3. You will see the following output:

   psql (12.2 (Debian 12.2-2.pgdg90+1))
   Type "help" for help.
   
   mytestdb=#
   

   This is the PostgreSQL client shell, in which you can issue SQL commands. To see a list of available commands, use the \h command. You may find more information on a specific command by adding it after \h.

Create Tables

This section contains examples which create a test database with an employee’s first and last name, assigning each a unique key. When creating your own tables, you may specify as many parameters (columns) as you need and name them appropriately. Run the commands in this section from the PostgreSQL client shell that you opened to create mytestdb database.

1. Create a table called “employees” in your test database:

   CREATE TABLE employees (employee_id int PRIMARY KEY, first_name varchar, last_name varchar);
   

2. Insert a record into the table:

   INSERT INTO employees VALUES (1, 'John', 'Doe');
   

3. View the contents of the “employees” table:

   SELECT * FROM employees;
   

   This produces the following output:

    employee_id | first_name | last_name
   -------------+------------+-----------
              1 | John       | Doe
   (1 row)
   

4. Exit the PostgreSQL shell by entering the \q command.

Create PostgreSQL Roles

PostgreSQL grants database access through roles which are used to specify privileges. Roles can be understood as having a similar function to Linux “users.” In addition, roles may also be created as a set of other roles, similar to a Linux “group.” PostgreSQL roles apply globally, so you will not need to create the same role twice if you’d like to grant it access to more than one database on the same server.

The example commands in this section should be run as the postgres Linux user.

1. Add a new user role, then a password at the prompt:

   createuser examplerole --pwprompt
   

   If you need to delete a role, you can use the dropuser command in place of createuser.

2. Connect to the database:

   psql mytestdb
   

   You’ll be connected as the postgres database user by default.

3. From the PostgreSQL shell, enter the following to grant all privileges on the table employees to the user examplerole:

   GRANT ALL ON employees TO examplerole;
   

4. Exit the PostgreSQL shell by entering \q.

Next Steps

Note

Currently, Linode does not manage software and systems updates for Marketplace Apps. It is up to the user to perform routine maintenance on software deployed in this fashion.

For more on PostgreSQL, checkout the following guides:

• Securely Manage Remote PostgreSQL Servers

More Information

You may wish to consult the following resources for additional information on this topic. While these are provided in the hope that they will be useful, please note that we cannot vouch for the accuracy or timeliness of externally hosted materials.

• pgAdmin Documentation
• PostgreSQL Documentation