Secure a Website or Domain with Let's Encrypt and acme.sh

acme.sh is a client application for ACME-compatible services, like those used by Let’s Encrypt. It is an alternative to the popular Certbot application with two big benefits:

• It is written in the Shell language, so it has no dependencies

• acme.sh supports more DNS providers than other similar clients.

If you use Linode for your website’s DNS, you can use acme.sh to obtain both single and wildcard SSL certificates. You can use Linode DNS as the domain ownership verification.

Before You Begin

1. Deploy a Linode by following the Creating a Compute Instance and the Setting Up and Securing a Compute Instance guides.

2. Decide which system user you want to issue and renew your certificates and connect to your Linode as this user via SSH. If you want to automatically restart a web server, or write certificates to a restricted folder, you likely want to install acme.sh under root.

Install acme.sh

1. If you have not already done so, connect to your Linode and request the acme.sh installer:

   curl https://get.acme.sh | sh
   

   Or, if curl is not available on your system use wget:

   wget -O - https://get.acme.sh | sh
   

   You should see a similar output:

   % Total    % Received % Xferd  Average Speed   Time    Time     Time  Current
                                    Dload  Upload   Total   Spent    Left  Speed
   100   775    0   775    0     0   1283      0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:--  1280
     % Total    % Received % Xferd  Average Speed   Time    Time     Time  Current
                                    Dload  Upload   Total   Spent    Left  Speed
   100  193k  100  193k    0     0  1729k      0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:-- 1729k
   [Thu 30 Jul 2020 07:48:58 AM UTC] Installing from online archive.
   [Thu 30 Jul 2020 07:48:58 AM UTC] Downloading https://github.com/acmesh-official/acme.sh/archive/master.tar.gz
   [Thu 30 Jul 2020 07:48:58 AM UTC] Extracting master.tar.gz
   [Thu 30 Jul 2020 07:48:58 AM UTC] It is recommended to install socat first.
   [Thu 30 Jul 2020 07:48:58 AM UTC] We use socat for standalone server if you use standalone mode.
   [Thu 30 Jul 2020 07:48:58 AM UTC] If you don't use standalone mode, just ignore this warning.
   [Thu 30 Jul 2020 07:48:58 AM UTC] Installing to /root/.acme.sh
   [Thu 30 Jul 2020 07:48:58 AM UTC] Installed to /root/.acme.sh/acme.sh
   [Thu 30 Jul 2020 07:48:58 AM UTC] Installing alias to '/root/.bashrc'
   [Thu 30 Jul 2020 07:48:58 AM UTC] OK, Close and reopen your terminal to start using acme.sh
   [Thu 30 Jul 2020 07:48:58 AM UTC] Installing cron job
   no crontab for root
   no crontab for root
   [Thu 30 Jul 2020 07:48:58 AM UTC] Good, bash is found, so change the shebang to use bash as preferred.
   [Thu 30 Jul 2020 07:48:59 AM UTC] OK
   [Thu 30 Jul 2020 07:48:59 AM UTC] Install success!

2. log out and back in to your Linode as suggested by the output.

3. Issue the following command to ensure that you have access to acme.sh:

    acme.sh version
   

   You should see the version acme.sh version returned in the output:

   https://github.com/acmesh-official/acme.sh
   v2.8.7

Create an API token

acme.sh can use the Linode v4 API to create and remove temporary DNS records for a Domain. Follow the steps Get An API Access Token product documentation to create a Linode API v4 token.

Note

Ensure the token you create has Read/Write access to Domains.

Issue a certificate

1. Connect to your Linode and set an environment variable for the API token you obtained in the previous section. Replace your-api-token-here with your own token.

    export LINODE_V4_API_KEY="your-api-token-here"
   

2. Issue the certificate. Replace any instance of example.com with the domain you for which you want to issue a certificate.

    acme.sh --issue --dns dns_linode_v4 --dnssleep 90 -d example.com -d *.example.com
   

   Note

   The above command issues a wildcard certificate for example.com, which covers example.com and any subdomains under it.

   If you only need to secure www.example.com, you can issue the example command. This command covers the non-www (example.com) and www version of the domain (www.example.com). Replace example.com with your own domain.

   acme.sh --issue --dns dns_linode_v4 --dnssleep 90 -d example.com -d www.example.com
   

   acme.sh creates two temporary DNS records on your domain using the Linode API. Wait approximately 90 seconds for the records to be pushed to Linode’s nameservers.

   You should see a similar output:

   [Thu 30 Jul 2020 12:21:13 PM UTC] Multi domain='DNS:example.com,DNS:*.example.com'
   [Thu 30 Jul 2020 12:21:13 PM UTC] Getting domain auth token for each domain
   [Thu 30 Jul 2020 12:21:16 PM UTC] Getting webroot for domain='example.com'
   [Thu 30 Jul 2020 12:21:16 PM UTC] Getting webroot for domain='*.example.com'
   [Thu 30 Jul 2020 12:21:16 PM UTC] Adding txt value: MxeTNC7H4t0zCKF0VKW0J5v2kOTK9knc1a9tAtHrvcw for domain:  _acme-challenge.example.com
   [Thu 30 Jul 2020 12:21:16 PM UTC] Using Linode
   [Thu 30 Jul 2020 12:21:17 PM UTC] Domain resource successfully added.
   [Thu 30 Jul 2020 12:21:17 PM UTC] The txt record is added: Success.
   [Thu 30 Jul 2020 12:21:17 PM UTC] Adding txt value: kya3jvonWoGlaNJbzz42oA0e_-hhwocyZFOsWtqUTCI for domain:  _acme-challenge.example.com
   [Thu 30 Jul 2020 12:21:17 PM UTC] Using Linode
   [Thu 30 Jul 2020 12:21:18 PM UTC] Domain resource successfully added.
   [Thu 30 Jul 2020 12:21:18 PM UTC] The txt record is added: Success.
   [Thu 30 Jul 2020 12:21:18 PM UTC] Sleep 90 seconds for the txt records to take effect

3. After 90 seconds, acme.sh instructs Let’s Encrypt to verify the domain and issue the certificate. If all went well, the output returns the location to your certificate files:

   [Thu 30 Jul 2020 12:23:07 PM UTC] Your cert is in  /root/.acme.sh/example.com/example.com.cer
   [Thu 30 Jul 2020 12:23:07 PM UTC] Your cert key is in  /root/.acme.sh/example.com/example.com.key
   [Thu 30 Jul 2020 12:23:07 PM UTC] The intermediate CA cert is in  /root/.acme.sh/example.com/ca.cer
   [Thu 30 Jul 2020 12:23:07 PM UTC] And the full chain certs is there:  /root/.acme.sh/example.com/fullchain.cer

Configure your web server

You can now use the certificate files listed above to secure your website. The required steps may vary depending on your web server. Follow the section for the web server you are using.

Apache

1. Copy and paste the contents of the example file to your site’s Apache virtual hosts configuration file. Replace example.com with your own site’s domain.

   File: /etc/apache2/sites-available/example.conf

   1 2 3 4 5 6

   <VirtualHost *:443> SSLEngine on SSLCertificateFile /root/.acme.sh/example.com/fullchain.cer SSLCertificateKeyFile /root/.acme.sh/example.com/example.com.key ... </VirtualHost>

2. Enable SSL for Apache:

    a2enmod ssl
   

3. Reload Apache for your configuration file updates to take effect:

   • On Debian-based distributions run the following command:

       systemctl reload apache2
     

   • On CentOS and other Red Hat-based distributions run the following command:

       systemctl reload httpd
     

NGINX

1. Copy and paste the contents of the example file to your site’s NGINX configuration file. Replace example.com with your own site’s domain.

   File: /etc/nginx/sites-available/example.com

   1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

   server { listen 443 ssl; ssl_certificate /root/.acme.sh/example.com/fullchain.cer; ssl_certificate_key /root/.acme.sh/example.com/example.com.key; ... }

2. Reload NGINX for your configuration file updates to take effect. On systemd-based distributions run the following command:

    systemctl reload nginx
   

Renewing the Certificate

Like the official Let’s Encrypt client (Certbot), acme.sh automatically renews your certificates. When you install the acme.sh software, the installer also creates a cron job. This cron job runs automatically at a random time each day.

1. View the cron job created by the acme.sh installer:

    crontab -l
   

   You should see a similar output:

   58 0 * * * "/root/.acme.sh"/acme.sh --cron --home "/root/.acme.sh" > /dev/null

   This job checks for certificates coming up for expiry and renews them. You can instruct acme.sh to automatically install the certificates to a location readable by your web server and to also reload the web server after renewal. This completely automates the certificate renewal process.

Certificate Renewal Options

The following options are available when you issue a certificate:

For example, to store your certificates in /etc/ssl/example.com and restart Apache after a renewal issue the example command. Replace example.com with your own domain.

acme.sh --issue --dns dns_linode_v4 --dnssleep 90 -d example.com -d www.example.com \
    --cert-file /etc/ssl/example.com/example.com.cer \
    --key-file /etc/ssl/example.com/example.com.key \
    --fullchain-file /etc/ssl/example.com/fullchain-example.com.cer \
    --reloadcmd "systemctl restart apache2"

Note

The target directory must exist first. To create it run the following command:

mkdir -p /etc/ssl/example.com

Note

The example command uses certificate file system locations (/etc/ssl/) that are different from the examples in the Configure your Web Server section (which used the /root/.acme.sh/ folder). If you want to copy this exact example command, make sure that your web server configurations use the correct locations.

After issuing the command, you should see a similar output:

[Thu 30 Jul 2020 12:42:06 PM UTC] Installing cert to:/etc/ssl/example.com/example.com.cer
[Thu 30 Jul 2020 12:42:06 PM UTC] Installing key to:/etc/ssl/example.com/example.com.key
[Thu 30 Jul 2020 12:42:06 PM UTC] Installing full chain to:/etc/ssl/example.com/fullchain-example.com.cer
[Thu 30 Jul 2020 12:42:06 PM UTC] Run reload cmd: systemctl restart apache2

More Information

You may wish to consult the following resources for additional information on this topic. While these are provided in the hope that they will be useful, please note that we cannot vouch for the accuracy or timeliness of externally hosted materials.

• acme.sh
• Use Linode domain API (acme.sh wiki)
• Let’s Encrypt