How to Configure a Redis Server from the Command Line

Redis is an open-source NoSQL database boasting quick transactions and low latency. This guide shows you how to make and adjust settings for your Redis server from the command line.

Before You Begin

1. Familiarize yourself with our Getting Started with Linode guide and complete the steps for setting your Linode’s hostname and timezone.

2. This guide uses sudo wherever possible. Complete the sections of our How to Secure Your Server guide to create a standard user account, harden SSH access, and remove unnecessary network services.

3. Update your system.

   • On Debian and Ubuntu, use the following command:

       sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade
     

   • On AlmaLinux, CentOS (8 or later), or Fedora, use the following command:

       sudo dnf upgrade
     

4. Follow the instructions in our How to Install and Configure Redis guide to install a Redis server and command-line interface (CLI). Be sure to use the drop-down menu at the top of that page to select your Linux distribution and follow the appropriate steps.

Note

The steps in this guide are written for non-root users. Commands that require elevated privileges are prefixed with sudo. If you’re not familiar with the sudo command, see the Linux Users and Groups guide.

How Redis Configurations Work

Redis comes with an extensive configuration file by default, listing all of its configuration options. But Redis can also operate without any explicit configuration, using a default configuration suited for development and testing. However, it is recommended that you adjust the default configuration to suit your needs, especially before you start using Redis in a production setting.

Typically, you can find your Redis instance’s configuration file at /etc/redis/redis.conf on Debian and Ubuntu and at /etc/redis.conf on CentOS and Fedora.

Each setting in Redis is controlled using a configuration directive. A directive is a line with:

• A configuration keyword
• One or more arguments for the configuration

The file below includes an example configuration directive. This example is taken from a configuration directive used in the first of our guides in this series on Redis — Connecting to Redis and Using Redis Databases:

File: /etc/redis/redis.conf

1 2 3 4 5

# [...] user example-user +@all allkeys on >password # [...]

This directive uses the keyword user to start defining a Redis user. The keyword is then followed by a series of arguments defining the username and a series of ACL (security) rules, including the user’s password.

Available Configuration Directives

The full list of available configuration directives for Redis can be found in the default redis.conf file which comes with each Redis installation.

You can also find links to copies of these files in Redis’s configuration documentation. The page lists configuration files for various past Redis versions, so you can select the version applicable to you.

How to Change Configurations via the Command Line

The default route for configuring your Redis instance is through edits to the configuration file covered above. However, Redis comes with several commands to let you work with configuration directives directly from the command line.

There are a few primary reasons for doing so:

• Verifying current configurations on the fly
• Making temporary configuration changes
• Testing particular configurations
• Writing those configurations automatically to the configuration file

The remaining sections of this tutorial walk you through the various configuration commands for the Redis command-line interface (CLI). These commands can help you accomplish the goals listed above and many more when it comes to fine-tuning your Redis server.

You cannot manipulate all of the Redis’s configuration directives from the command line. The sections below include a few that can be manipulated from the command line.

Check the Existing Redis Configuration

Use the CONFIG GET command to fetch the current value of configuration directives matching a given pattern.

The command below fetches exactly and only the configuration directive you name.

CONFIG GET bind

1) "bind"
2) "127.0.0.1 192.0.2.0"

The command also supports wildcards (*). With these, you can fetch all configuration directives matching particular patterns. This feature is especially useful when you want to see all of the settings related to a certain subject, like TLS:

CONFIG GET tls-*

1) "tls-port"
2) "0"
3) "tls-session-cache-size"
4) "20480"
5) "tls-session-cache-timeout"
6) "300"
7) "tls-cluster"
8) "no"
9) "tls-replication"
10) "no"
[...]

You can use the wildcard by itself to fetch your Redis server’s current (in-memory) configuration directives.

CONFIG GET *

1) "rdbchecksum"
2) "yes"
3) "daemonize"
4) "yes"
5) "io-threads-do-reads"
6) "no"
7) "lua-replicate-commands"
8) "yes"
9) "always-show-logo"
10) "no"
[...]
326) "normal 0 0 0 slave 268435456 67108864 60 pubsub 33554432 8388608 60"
327) "unixsocketperm"
328) "0"
329) "slaveof"
330) ""
331) "notify-keyspace-events"
332) ""
333) "bind"
334) "127.0.0.1 192.0.2.0"
335) "oom-score-adj-values"
336) "0 200 800"

Using CONFIG GET * is especially useful since it shows all of the configuration directives supported for fetching, setting, and writing from the command line.

Make Changes to the Redis Configuration

Use the CONFIG SET command to make or alter a configuration directive.

The command below takes the name of a directive followed by the directive’s argument. Here, the repl-timeout directive is set to 70 seconds, from its default of 60 seconds.

CONFIG SET repl-timeout 70

Multiple arguments, or arguments with spaces, can be handled using quotes. The example below adds an address template to the bind directive shown above. The added template is the default for loop-back connections on Redis.

CONFIG SET bind "127.0.0.1 192.0.2.0 -::1"

Configuration changes made in this way take effect immediately. For that reason, CONFIG SET works extraordinarily well for testing settings for your Redis server.

Further, configurations made with CONFIG SET are in memory. Resetting any changes you make only requires restarting your Redis server, which you can typically do with the following command:

sudo systemctl restart redis-server

Or:

sudo systemctl restart redis

Write Redis Configuration Changes

After testing some settings with CONFIG SET, you may want to make those settings persistent. You can do that using the CONFIG REWRITE command.

This command has Redis write your in-memory configuration directives, like those created or changed with CONFIG SET, to the configuration file.

The command does not take any arguments, so you can execute it using the following command:

CONFIG REWRITE

The command attempts to preserve, as much as is feasible, the original structure of the configuration file while writing only the necessary lines to it. This means that:

• Modifications to existing directives are typically written in their original places in the file
• Directives created with default values do not actually get written to the configuration file (default values do not need to be explicitly stated)
• New directives are added to the end of the configuration file

Conclusion

You now have the tools you need to start working with Redis configurations from the command line. As mentioned in this tutorial, these tools work exceptionally well when you want to test various settings on the fly.

To learn more about Redis and how to use Redis databases, be sure to read our other guides in this series. They cover everything from connecting to a remote Redis server to using sorted sets in Redis databases.

More Information

You may wish to consult the following resources for additional information on this topic. While these are provided in the hope that they will be useful, please note that we cannot vouch for the accuracy or timeliness of externally hosted materials.

• Redis: Redis Configuration