Load Testing Web Servers with Siege

Siege is an HTTP load testing and benchmarking utility that can be used to measure the performance of a web server when under duress. It evaluates the amount of data transferred, response time of the server, transaction rate, throughput, concurrency, and times the program returned okay. Siege offers three modes of operation: Regression, internet simulation, and brute force.

This guide is for Debian or Ubuntu systems.

Download and Configure Siege

1. Prior to installing any new programs, update your system:

   sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get upgrade --show-upgraded
   

2. Download the latest version of Siege (3.0.9 at the time of this publication), which is always available at Siege’s website:

   wget http://download.joedog.org/siege/siege-latest.tar.gz
   

3. Extract the program:

   tar -zxvf siege-latest.tar.gz
   

4. Navigate to the Siege directory:

   cd siege-*/
   

5. If the GNU Compiler Collection (gcc) is not installed, install now:

   sudo apt-get install build-essential
   

6. Configure and complete the installation:

   ./configure
   make
   sudo make install
   

7. Generate a configuration file:

   siege.config
   

8. Open the .siegerc file located in your home directory.

9. The suggested Siege configuration is for 25 concurrent users over a period of 1 minute. Set a location for your log file. Be sure to uncomment the variables shown below, and any other commented settings you want to use by removing the pound sign (#):

   File: ~/.siegerc

   1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28

   ... # # Variable declarations. You can set variables here # for use in the directives below. Example: # PROXY = proxy.joedog.org # Reference variables inside ${} or $(), example: # proxy-host = ${PROXY} # You can also reference ENVIRONMENT variables without # actually declaring them, example: logfile = $(HOME)/siege.log ... # # Default number of simulated concurrent users # ex: concurrent = 25 # concurrent = 25 # # Default duration of the siege. The right hand argument has # a modifier which specifies the time units, H=hours, M=minutes, # and S=seconds. If a modifier is not specified, then minutes # are assumed. # ex: time = 50M # time = 1M

You are now ready to run Siege!

Run Siege

To run Siege with the default settings, input the following command, replacing www.example.com with your domain name or IP address:

siege www.example.com

Siege outputs the results:

** SIEGE 2.70
** Preparing 25 concurrent users for battle.
The server is now under siege...
Lifting the server siege...      done.
Transactions:               2913 hits
Availability:             100.00 %
Elapsed time:              59.51 secs
Data transferred:           0.41 MB
Response time:              0.00 secs
Transaction rate:          48.95 trans/sec
Throughput:              0.01 MB/sec
Concurrency:                 0.04
Successful transactions:         2913
Failed transactions:                0
Longest transaction:             0.01
Shortest transaction:            0.00

FILE: /var/log/siege.log
You can disable this annoying message by editing
the .siegerc file in your home directory; change
the directive 'show-logfile' to false.

If there are no failed connections and the availability remains at 100%, there are no problems.

Further Configuring and Commands

Creating a URL File

If you want Siege to hit a number of pages on your website at random, configure the program to read from a urls.txt file that lists the selected pages.

1. Open the urls.txt file generally created at /usr/local/etc/urls.txt. Add a list of URLs or IP addresses to that file:

   File: /usr/local/etc/urls.txt

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   # URLS file for siege # -- # Format the url entries in any of the following formats: # http://www.whoohoo.com/index.html # http://www/index.html # www/index.html # http://www.whoohoo.com/cgi-bin/howto/display.cgi?1013 # Use the POST directive for pages that require it: # http://www.whoohoo.com/cgi-bin/haha.cgi POST ha=1&ho=2 # or POST content from a file: # http://www.whoohoo.com/melvin.jsp POST </home/jeff/haha # http://www.whoohoo.com/melvin.jsp POST <./haha # You may also set and reference variables inside this file, # for more information, man urls_txt # ------------------------------------------------------- www.example.com www.example.org 123.45.67.89

2. To run Siege with this file use the siege command:

   siege
   

   If using a separate file, run:

   siege -f your/file/path.txt
   

Commands

Siege features a number of command line options to use when you want to deviate from the default configuration but do not wish to edit the file.

• -c [num]: Set the number of concurrent users. Most web servers have less than a couple hundred users trying to access their website at the same time, so setting this to more than a few hundred is often not needed.

• -t [num]: Set a time limit for which Siege runs. Siege can run with the modifiers s for seconds, m for minutes, or h for hours. There should be no space between the number and the modifier (-t10s not -t10 s).

• -d [num]: Set the delay for each Siege user. Each user is then delayed for a random amount of seconds in between 1 and the set number. The default value is 3.

• -i: Used in conjunction with a URLs file, this causes each user to randomly hit one of the URLs, with no predetermined pattern. Similar to real life (the ‘i’ stands for “internet”), where you will not know where site visitors go, not all pages may be hit.

• -v: Verbose output. This outputs the results Siege gets in real time before printing the final results.

• -f [file]: Run Siege with a file containing a list of URLs that is not the default urls.txt file.

• -g [url]: Pull down the HTTP headers.

• -l: Generates a log file.

• -m "[message]": Include a message in the log file.

• -C: Outputs Siege’s current configuration profile.

• -V: Outputs Siege’s version information.

• -h: Outputs help information.

More Information

You may wish to consult the following resources for additional information on this topic. While these are provided in the hope that they will be useful, please note that we cannot vouch for the accuracy or timeliness of externally hosted materials.

• Siege Home