LAMP on Debian 8 (Jessie)

Setting up a LAMP (Linux, Apache, MySql, PHP) stack on your server will allow for the creation and hosting of websites and web applications. This guide shows you how to install a LAMP stack on Debian 8 (Jessie).

Note

This guide is written for a non-root user. Commands that require elevated privileges are prefixed with sudo. If you’re not familiar with the sudo command, you can check our Users and Groups guide.

Before You Begin

Prior to installing your LAMP stack ensure that:

• You have followed the Getting Started and Securing Your Server guides.

• You have a hostname and fully-qualified domain name (FQDN) configured on your Linode. To ensure this is set run:

  hostname
  hostname -f
  

  The first command should output your hostname, with the second providing your FQDN.

• Your Linode’s repositories and packages are up-to-date:

  sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get upgrade
  

Apache

Install and Configure Apache

1. Install Apache 2.4:

   sudo apt-get install apache2
   

2. Open /etc/apache2/mods-available/mpm_prefork.conf in your text editor and edit the values as needed. The following is optimized for a 2GB Linode:

   File: /etc/apache2/mods-available/mpm_prefork.conf

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   # prefork MPM # StartServers: number of server processes to start # MinSpareServers: minimum number of server processes which are kept spare # MaxSpareServers: maximum number of server processes which are kept spare # MaxRequestWorkers: maximum number of server processes allowed to start # MaxConnectionsPerChild: maximum number of requests a server process serves <IfModule mpm_prefork_module> StartServers 4 MinSpareServers 20 MaxSpareServers 40 MaxRequestWorkers 200 MaxConnectionsPerChild 4500 </IfModule> # vim: syntax=apache ts=4 sw=4 sts=4 sr noet

   Note

   These settings are good starting points, but they should be adjusted to best suit your deployment’s needs.

3. On Debian 8, the event module is enabled by default. This should be disabled, and the prefork module enabled:

   sudo a2dismod mpm_event
   sudo a2enmod mpm_prefork
   

4. Restart Apache:

   sudo systemctl restart apache2
   

Configure Name-Based Virtual Hosts

There can be as many virtual hosts files as needed to support the amount of domains hosted on the Linode.

1. Create directories for your websites and websites' logs, replacing example.com with your own domain name:

   sudo mkdir -p /var/www/html/example.com/public_html
   sudo mkdir /var/www/html/example.com/logs
   

   Repeat the process if you intend on hosting multiple websites on your Linode.

2. Create an example.com.conf file in /etc/apache2/sites-available with your text editor, replacing instances of example.com with your own domain URL in both the configuration file and in the file name:

   File: /etc/apache2/sites-available/example.com.conf

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   <VirtualHost *:80> ServerAdmin webmaster@example.com ServerName example.com ServerAlias www.example.com DocumentRoot /var/www/html/example.com/public_html/ ErrorLog /var/www/html/example.com/logs/error.log CustomLog /var/www/html/example.com/logs/access.log combined </VirtualHost>

   Repeat this process for any other domains you host:

   File: /etc/apache2/sites-available/example.org.conf

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   <VirtualHost *:80> ServerAdmin webmaster@example.org ServerName example.org ServerAlias www.example.org DocumentRoot /var/www/html/example.org/public_html/ ErrorLog /var/www/html/example.org/logs/error.log CustomLog /var/www/html/example.org/logs/access.log combined </VirtualHost>

3. Symbolically link your virtual hosts files from the sites-available directory to the sites-enabled directory. Replace the filename with your own:

   sudo a2ensite example.com.conf
   sudo a2ensite example.org.conf
   

   Note

   Should you need to disable a site, you can use a2dissite example.com.

4. Restart Apache:

   sudo systemctl restart apache2
   

MySQL

MySQL is a relational database management system (RDBMS) and is a popular component of many applications.

Install MySQL

1. Install MySQL:

   sudo apt-get install mysql-server
   

   Input a secure password when prompted by the installation.

2. Run mysql_secure_installation to remove the test database and any extraneous user permissions added during the initial installation process:

   sudo mysql_secure_installation
   

   It is recommended that you select yes (y) for all questions. If you already have a secure root password, you do not need to change it.

Set Up a MySQL Database

Next, you can create a database and grant your users permissions to use databases.

1. Log in to MySQL:

   mysql -u root -p
   

   Enter MySQL’s root password when prompted.

2. Create a database and grant your users permissions on it. Change the database name (webdata) and username (username). Change the password (password):

   create database webdata;
   grant all on webdata.* to 'username' identified by 'password';
   

3. Exit MySQL:

   quit
   

PHP

PHP makes it possible to produce dynamic and interactive pages using your own scripts and popular web development frameworks.

Install PHP

PHP 7.3 is the latest version available and has the longest period of support offered as of this guide’s publishing:

1. Add the sury.org repository, which packages PHP 7.3 for Debian 8:

   sudo apt install lsb-release apt-transport-https ca-certificates
   sudo wget -O /etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d/php.gpg https://packages.sury.org/php/apt.gpg
   echo "deb https://packages.sury.org/php/ $(lsb_release -sc) main" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/php7.3.list
   sudo apt update
   

2. Install PHP 7.3 and the PHP Extension and Application Repository:

   sudo apt-get install php7.3 php-pear
   

Configure PHP

1. Open /etc/php/7.3/apache2/php.ini in your text editor and edit the following values. These settings are optimized for the 2GB Linode:

   File: /etc/php/7.3/apache2/php.ini

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   error_reporting = E_COMPILE_ERROR|E_RECOVERABLE_ERROR|E_ERROR|E_CORE_ERROR error_log = /var/log/php/error.log max_input_time = 30

   Note

   Ensure that all values are uncommented, by making sure they do not start with a semicolon (;).

2. Create the log directory for PHP and give the Apache user ownership:

   sudo mkdir /var/log/php
   sudo chown www-data /var/log/php
   

3. If you need support for MySQL in PHP, then you must install the php7.3-mysql package:

   sudo apt-get install php7.3-mysql
   

4. Restart Apache:

   sudo systemctl restart apache2
   

More Information

You may wish to consult the following resources for additional information on this topic. While these are provided in the hope that they will be useful, please note that we cannot vouch for the accuracy or timeliness of externally hosted materials.

• Debian Linux Home Page
• Apache HTTP Server Documentation
• MySQL Documentation
• PHP Documentation