Apache Web Server on Ubuntu 12.04 LTS (Precise Pangolin)

The Apache HTTP Web Server (Apache) is an open source web application for running web servers. This guide explains how to install and configure an Apache web server on Ubuntu 12.04 LTS.

If instead you would like to install a full LAMP (Linux, Apache, MySQL and PHP) stack, please see the LAMP on Ubuntu 12.04 guide.

Note

This guide is written for a non-root user. Commands that require elevated privileges are prefixed with sudo. If you’re not familiar with the sudo command, you can check our Users and Groups guide.

Before You Begin

1. Ensure that you have followed the Getting Started and Securing Your Server guides, and the Linode’s hostname is set.

   To check your hostname run:

   hostname
   hostname -f
   

   The first command should show your short hostname, and the second should show your fully qualified domain name (FQDN).

2. Update your system:

   sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get upgrade
   

Install Apache

1. Install the Apache 2 web server, its documentation, and a collection of utilities:

   sudo apt-get install apache2 apache2-doc apache2-utils
   

2. Edit the main Apache configuration file to adjust the resource use settings. The settings shown below are a good starting point for a Linode 2GB:

   File: /etc/apache2/apache2.conf

   1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

   KeepAlive Off ... <IfModule mpm_prefork_module> StartServers 4 MinSpareServers 20 MaxSpareServers 40 MaxClients 200 MaxRequestsPerChild 4500 </IfModule>

Configure Virtual Hosting

Apache supports name-based virtual hosting, which allows you to host multiple domains on a single server with a single IP. Although there are different ways to set up virtual hosts, the method below is recommended.

1. Disable the default Apache virtual host:

   sudo a2dissite 000-default.conf
   

2. Create an example.com.conf file in /etc/apache2/sites-available with your text editor, replacing instances of example.com with your own domain URL in both the configuration file and in the file name:

   File: /etc/apache2/sites-available/example.com.conf

   1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

   <VirtualHost *:80> ServerAdmin webmaster@example.com ServerName example.com ServerAlias www.example.com DocumentRoot /var/www/example.com/public_html/ ErrorLog /var/www/example.com/logs/error.log CustomLog /var/www/example.com/logs/access.log combined </VirtualHost>

   Repeat this process for any other domains you host.

   Note

   If you would like to enable Perl support, add the following lines above the closing </VirtualHost> tag:

   File: /etc/apache2/sites-available/example.com.conf

   1 2	Options ExecCGI AddHandler cgi-script .pl

3. Create directories for your websites and websites' logs, replacing example.com with your own domain information:

   sudo mkdir -p /var/www/example.com/public_html
   sudo mkdir /var/www/example.com/logs
   

4. Enable the site:

   sudo a2ensite example.com.conf
   

5. Restart Apache:

   sudo systemctl restart apache2
   

Apache Mods and Scripting

Install Apache Modules

One of Apache’s strengths is its ability to be customized with modules. The default installation directory for Apache modules is the /etc/apache2/mods-available/ directory.

1. List available Apache modules:

   sudo apt-cache search libapache2*
   

2. Install any desired modules:

   sudo apt-get install [module-name]
   

3. All mods are located in the /etc/apache2/mods-avaiable directory. Edit the .conf file of any installed module if needed, then enable the module:

   sudo a2enmod [module-name]
   

   To disable a module that is currently enabled:

   a2dismod [module-name]
   

Install Support for Scripting

The following commands install Apache support for server-side scripting in PHP, Ruby, Python, and Perl. Support for these languages is optional based on your server environment.

To install:

• Ruby support:

  sudo apt-get install libapache2-mod-ruby
  

• Perl support:

  sudo apt-get install libapache2-mod-perl2
  

• Python support:

  sudo apt-get install libapache2-mod-python
  

• MySQL in Python support:

  sudo apt-get install python-mysqldb
  

• PHP support:

  sudo apt-get install libapache2-mod-php5 php5 php-pear php5-xcache
  

• php5-suhosin, for additional PHP security:

  sudo apt-get install php5-suhosin
  

• PHP with MySQL:

  sudo apt-get install php5-mysql
  

More Information

You may wish to consult the following resources for additional information on this topic. While these are provided in the hope that they will be useful, please note that we cannot vouch for the accuracy or timeliness of externally hosted materials.

• Apache HTTP Server Version 2.2 Documentation
• Apache Configuration